Estimate a meta-analytic proportion of outcomes over multiple studies with a categorical outcome variable.

meta_proportion is suitable for synthesizing across multiple studies with a categorical outcome variable. It takes as input the number of cases/events and the number of samples in each study.

Usage

meta_proportion(
  data,
  cases,
  ns,
  labels = NULL,
  moderator = NULL,
  contrast = NULL,
  effect_label = "My effect",
  random_effects = TRUE,
  conf_level = 0.95
)

Arguments

data: A dataframe or tibble
cases: A collection of cases/event counts, 1 per study, all integers, all > 0
ns: A collection of sample sizes, 1 per study, all integers > 2
labels: An optional collection of study labels
moderator: An optional factor to analyze as a categorical moderator, must have k > 2 per groups
contrast: An optional contrast to estimate between moderator levels; express as a vector of contrast weights with 1 weight per moderator level.
effect_label: Optional character giving a human-friendly name of the effect being synthesized
random_effects: TRUE for random effect model; FALSE for fixed effects
conf_level: The confidence level for the confidence interval. Given in decimal form. Defaults to 0.95.

Value

An esci-estimate object; a list of data frames and properties. Returned tables include:

es_meta - A data frame of meta-analytic effect sizes. If a moderator was defined, there is an additional row for each level of the moderator.
- effect_label - Study label
- effect_size - Effect size
- LL - Lower bound of conf_level% confidence interval
- UL - Upper bound of conf_level% confidence interval
- SE - Expected standard error
- k - Number of studies
- diamond_ratio - ratio of random to fixed effects meta-analytic effect sizes
- diamond_ratio_LL - lower bound of conf_level% confidence interval for diamond ratio
- diamond_ratio_UL - upper bound of conf_level% confidence interval for diamond ratio
- I2 - I2 measure of heterogeneity
- I2_LL - Lower bound of conf_level% confidence interval for I2
- I2_UL - upper bound of conf_level% confidence interval for I2
- PI_LL - lower bound of conf_level% of prediction interval
- PI_UL - upper bound of conf_level% of prediction interval
- p - p value for the meta-analytic effect size, based on null of exactly 0
- *width - width of the effect-size confidence interval
- FE_effect_size - effect size of the fixed-effects model (regardless of if fixed effects was selected
- RE_effect_size - effect size of the random-effects model (regardless of if random effects was selected
- FE_CI_width - width of the fixed-effects confidence interval, used to calculate diamond ratio
- RE_CI_width - width of the fixed-effects confidence interval, used to calculate diamond ratio
es_heterogeneity - A data frame of of heterogeneity values and conf_level% CIs for the meta-analytic effect size. If a moderator was defined also reports heterogeneity estimates for each level of the moderator.
- effect_label - study label
- moderator_variable_name - if moderator passed, gives name of the moderator
- moderator_level - 'Overall' and each level of moderator, if passed
- measure - Name of the measure of heterogeneity
- estimate - Value of the heterogeneity estimate
- LL - lower bound of conf_level% confidence interval
- UL - upper bound of conf_level% confidence interval
raw_data - A data from with one row for each study that was passed
- label - study label
- effect_size - effect size
- weight - study weight in the meta analysis
- sample_variance - expected level of sampling variation
- SE - expected standard error
- LL - lower bound of conf_level% confidence interval
- UL - upper bound of conf_level% confidence interval
- mean - used to calculate study p value; this is the d value entered for the study
- sd - use to calculate study p value; set to 1 for each study
- n - study sample size
- p - p value for the study, based on null of exactly 0

Details

Once you generate an estimate with this function, you can visualize it with plot_meta().

The meta-analytic effect size, confidence interval and heterogeneity estimates all come from metafor::rma().

Examples

# Data set: Replications of power on egocentric behavior
esci_meta_pdiff_two <- data.frame(
  studies = c(
    "Online",
    "Original",
    "Online Pilot",
    "Exact replication"
  ),
  control_egocentric = c(
    33,
    4,
    4,
    7
  ),
  control_sample_size = c(
   101,
    33,
    10,
    53
  ),
  power_egocentric = c(
    48,
    8,
    4,
    11
  ),
  power_sample_size = c(
    105,
    24,
    12,
    56
  ),
  setting = as.factor(
    c(
      "Online",
     "In-Person",
      "Online",
      "In-Person"
    )
  )
)

# Meta-analysis, risk difference as effect size
estimate <- esci::meta_proportion(
  esci_meta_pdiff_two,
  power_egocentric,
  power_sample_size,
  studies
)

# Forest plot
myplot_forest <- esci::plot_meta(estimate)


# Meta-analysis, risk difference as effect size, moderator (setting)
estimate_moderator <- esci::meta_proportion(
  esci_meta_pdiff_two,
  power_egocentric,
  power_sample_size,
  studies,
  moderator = setting
)

# Forest plot
myplot_forest_moderator <- esci::plot_meta(estimate_moderator)
#> Scale for x is already present.
#> Adding another scale for x, which will replace the existing scale.
#> Scale for y is already present.
#> Adding another scale for y, which will replace the existing scale.